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Objective:To investigate the related mechanism of IL-17B in regulating host immune response by studying the role and mechanism of IL-17B in the infection of Listeria monocytogenes in mice. Methods:Eighteen male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups with six in each group: control group, PBS group and wild-type (WT) group. The control group was not given any treatment. The mice in the PBS group were injected with 100 μl of sterile PBS, while C57BL/6 mice in the WT group and IL-17B deficient (IL-17B -/-) male mice were injected intravenously with 100 μl of Listeria monocytogenes 19115 (2×10 4 colony forming unit). The mice were sacrificed 48 h after infection and then peripheral blood, spleen and liver samples were collected. Bacterial colonization in mouse spleen and liver was detected by plate count method; HE staining was used to evaluate histopathological damages; flow cytometry was used to detect the immune cells in different tissues. ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to detect the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, TNF-α, IFN-γ and iNOS in serum and spleen. qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of IL-17B and IL-17RB. Results:Bacterial colonization in mouse spleen was reduced in the IL-17B -/- group as compared with that in the WT group ( P<0.05). Compared with the PBS group, Listeria monocytogenes infection increased the expression of IL-17B and IL-17RB in mouse spleen ( P<0.05, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the pathological damages in spleen between WT and IL-17B -/- groups. Moreover, compared with the WT group, the IL-17B -/- group showed increased macrophages, M1 macrophages ( P<0.01) and NK cells ( P<0.05) in spleen, up-regulated macrophages ( P<0.05) and M1 macrophages ( P<0.01) in the peripheral blood, enhanced expression of IL-6 in serum and spleen ( P<0.05), and promoted expression of IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ and iNOS in spleen. Conclusions:IL-17B might inhibit Listeria monocytogenes clearance by inhibiting macrophage infiltration and the secretion of IL-6.
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Objective@#To probe into the mechanism and interventional effects of silybin-phospholipid complex on amiodarone-induced steatosis in mice.@*Methods@#Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups (5 mice in each group): a control group (WT) with normal diet, a model group with amiodarone 150mg/kg/d by oral gavage (AM), and an intervention group on amiodarone 150mg/kg/d combined with silybin-phospholipid complex(AM+SILIPHOS. All mice were fed their assigned diet for one week. Then, one week later, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein were detected of each group. A liver pathological change was observed by oil red O and H&E staining. Ultrastructural pathological changes of hepatocytes were observed to evaluate the intervention effect by transmission electron microscopy. RT-q PCR was used to detect the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and its regulated lipid metabolism genes CPTI, CPTII, Acot1, Acot2, ACOX, Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 in liver tissues. Intra-group comparison was done by paired t-test. One-way ANOVA was used for comparison between groups and semi-quantitative data were tested using Mann-Whitney U test.@*Results@#Oil Red O and H&E staining results of liver tissue in the intervention group showed that intrahepatic steatosis was significantly reduced when compared to model group. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the model group had pyknotic nuclei, mitochondrial swelling, structural damage, and lysosomal degradation whereas the intervention group had hepatic nucleus without pyknosis, reduced mitochondrial swelling and slight structural damage than that of model group. RT-q PCR results showed that the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, CPTI, CPTII, Acot1, Acot2, ACOX, Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14 were increased in the model group but the expression of CPTI, Cyp4a14, Acot1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha were decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#Silybin-phospholipid complex can alleviate amiodarone-induced steatosis, and its mechanism may play a role in protecting mitochondrial function and regulating fatty acid metabolism. Thus, silybin-phospholipid complex has potential intervention effect on amiodarone-induced fatty liver.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinicopathological features of IgA nephropathy(IgAN) complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in children.@*Methods@#The clinical and pathological data of children with biopsy-proven primary IgAN and complicated with AKI from January 2012 to December 2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were analyzed retrospectively, and the data of macroscopic hematuria (MH) associated AKI(15 cases) and other MH without AKI(99 cases) were compared.@*Results@#(1) Among 211 patients diagnosed with IgAN, 21 (9.95%) patients were complicated with AKI.Among the 21 cases, the average age was (9.5±2.1) years old, in which 17 cases(80.9%) were males, 19 cases with MH, and the range of the peak serum creatinine was 93-627 μmol/L.In histology, cellular/fibrocellular crescents were found in 11 cases, while high proportion of tubules filled with red blood cell(RBC) casts were observed in 8 cases, and moderate to severe acute tubular injury (ATI) were observed in 16 cases.In 2 cases, extensively mixed inflammatory cell infiltration with eosinophils was present in the interstitium.(2) According to the clinical and pathological characteristics, the 21 cases were divided into 3 groups: 15 cases with MH related AKI, 4 cases with crescentic glomerulonephritis, and 2 cases with acute interstitial nephritis.Compared with MH without AKI group(99 cases), the MH associated AKI group(15 cases) had significantly longer duration of MH, higher proteinuria level, urinary levels of β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and greater frequency of RBC casts and ATI, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). In 2 acute interstitial nephritis cases, one had a history of taking weight loss drug with unknown ingredients, while the specific cause of the other was not clear.(3) None of the patients was on dialysis, but corticosteroid was prescribed in 17 cases (including methylprednisolone pulse therapy in 6), and 3 cases were combined with cyclophosphamide.Almost all patients achieved normal renal function except for one who had no response within 2 months after treatment.The median follow-up period was 24 months, in which 1 patient with crescentic glomerulonephritis progressed to end-stage renal disease.@*Conclusions@#AKI is commonly seen in children with IgAN, and complete recovery of renal function was seen in all patients with MH associated AKI and acute interstitial nephritis.